Anemia in chronic kidney disease

Anemia of chronic kidney disease.

A nemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recombinant erythropoietin (epoetin) has been the most important advance in treating this anemia. Erythropoietin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989. Although the initial goal of treating CKD anemia with epoetin was to prevent blood transfusions, evidence from prospective studies also demo...

Cardiorenal anemia syndrome in chronic kidney disease.

Anemia is a frequently encountered problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and deteriorates as renal function declines. Anemia increases the risk of death in CKD patients with diabetes and hypertension, which are the 2 leading causes of CKD. Recent studies suggest that correction of anemia improves patient quality of life and may delay the progression to end-stage renal disease. Anemia is often...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...

Anemia, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease

D iabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1,2). Anemia is common among those with diabetes and CKD and greatly contributes to patient outcomes (3,4). Observational studies indicate that low Hb levels in such patients may increase risk for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and m...